A-scan:
A method of data presentation on a CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) utilizing a horizontal base line that indicates distance, or time, and a vertical deflection from the base line which indicates amplitude.#
A-scan Display:
A cathode ray tube display in which the received signal is displayed as a vertical excursion from the horizontal sweep time trace, the horizontal distance between any two signals represents the material distance between the two conditions causing the signals.#
Abandon
(1) The proper plugging and abandoning of a well in compliance with all applicable regulations, and the cleaning up of the wellsite to the satisfaction of any governmental body having jurisdiction with respect thereto and to the reasonable satisfaction of the operator.(2) To cease efforts to find or produce from a well or field.(3) To plug a well completion and salvage material and equipment.
Abandoned Date
The date a well, well completion or field was abandoned.
Abandoned Pay Zone
The pay zone within the wellbore that was abandoned.
Abandoned Rate
The rate of production at the time the well, well completion, or field is abandoned.
Abandonment Pressure
The pressure at which a reservoir was, or is, expected to be abandoned.
Abatement
(1) The act or process of reducing the intensity of pollution.(2) The use of some method of abating pollution.
Abbreviated Parish Name
SEE: Abbreviated County Name
Abbreviated State Name
The standard post office abbreviation for each state.
Abc Production Payment Amount
The typical production payment where party A is the seller of a given property, party B is the party desiring to ultimately own party A's property, and party C is either a limited partnership or corporation which borrows from a commercial bank. The purpose of party C is to reduce party B's outlay and risk. The bank has no recourse against party B's general assets. The loan must be repaid solely from project proceeds.
Abnormal Operating Condition
A condition which occurs in a process component when an operating variable ranges outside of its normal operating limits.
Abrasion
The damage on the pipe resulting from a rubbing or pounding action against other pipes or some protrusion in the vessel. This latter condition may result in the initiation of fatigue cracks at the damaged areas during transit.
Absolute Age
The geologic age of a fossil organism, rock, geologic feature, or event given in units of time, usually years.
Absolute Permeability
A measure of the ability of a single fluid; e.g., water, gas or oil, to flow through a rock sample when the sample is saturated with that single fluid.
Absolute Porosity
The percentage of the total bulk volume of a rock sample that is composed of pore spaces or voids.
Absolute Pressure Measurement
Pressure measured from absolute zero pressure. It is ordinarily expressed as gauge pressure (the pressure reading on a pressure gauge) plus atmospheric pressure.
Absolute Shut-in Pressure Measurement
The absolute pressure measurement recorded within a shut-in casing, tubing, or drill system.
Absolute Time Constraint
A constraint that restricts an activity to a specific time, and which is not relative to the start or end of any other activity. For example, the statement that an activity must finish before May 31, 1993 is an absolute constraint.
Absolute Volume
The volume per unit mass, reciprocal of absolute density.
Absorbed Dose
The amount of radiation energy absorbed per unit mass.
Absorber
A vessel containing an oil solution through which gas is counterflowed for the purpose of removing heavier liquifiable hydrocarbons.
Absorber Tower
SEE: Absorber.
Absorption
The penetration or apparent disappearance of molecules or ions of one or more substances into the interior of a solid or liquid; ie.g., in hydrated bentonite, the planar water that is held between the mica like layers is the result of absorption; to soak up as a sponge takes water
Absorption Oil
An oil with a high affinity for light hydrocarbons but containing few if any of the light compounds that compose gasoline or natural gas. The oil used in an absorption plant.
Ac Field
The active electromagnetic field produced by the use of alternating current.
Accelerated Recovery
Additional field development for the purpose of faster recovery, possibly at the expense of the field's total production over time.
Acceleration Method
Uses the angles at which the top and bottom of the course length and from these generates a curve on the assumption that the measured angles change smoothly from top to bottom of the measured course as though under the influence of a constant force of acceleration. The results obtained are the same as the Balanced Tangential, Trapezoidal, and Vector Averaging Methods.
Accelerator (cement)
SEE: Cement Accelerator.
Acceptance Criteria
(1) Limit of shape, size, and position of discontinuities acceptable within the context of the specific flame arrestor design requirements.(2) Defined limits placed on characteristics of materials, products, or services.
Access Opening
An opening which allows communication to the interior of the flame arrestor housing making the mixer, pilot, burner, etc., accessible. This opening is normally closed by a flat plug or plate 3 to 4 inches in diameter, securely attached to the housing and tightly sealed against the opening.
Accessory
A secondary part or assembly of parts which contributes to the overall function and usefulness of a machine.
Acclimation
The process of adjusting or adapting to changes in climate or environment.
Accounting Lease
An accounting representation of property assets used as a recording point for financial information. Normally a common ownership associated with an instrument; e.g., a lease agreement.
Accounting Lease Number
A number used in oil and gas accounting to identify the properties that must be established to account for oil and gas finances, production, etc.
Accounting Lease Sub-number
A break down of an accounting lease because of ownership or price differences within an accounting lease number.
Accounting Procedure
An exhibit attached to and made a part of an operating agreement which sets forth the provisions under which the working interest owner designated as the operator is permitted or required to account for costs and expenses incurred for the joint operations.
Accumulator
(1) A small tank or pressure vessel to hold air, gas or liquid under pressure for use in a hydraulic or air actuated system. Accumulators store a source of pressure for use at a regulated rate in mechanisms or equipment in a plant or in drilling or production operations.(2) A vessel or tank that receives and temporarily stores a liquid used in a continuous process in a gas plant.
Acid
Any chemical compound containing hydrogen capable of being replaced by positive elements or radicals to form salts. In terms of the dissociation theory, it is a compound which, on dissociation in solution, yields excess hydrogen ions over hydroxyl ions. Acids lower the pH. Examples of acids or acidic substances are: hydrochloric acid, tannic acid, sodium acid pyrophosphate.
Acid Bottle
Early method of measuring the angle of inclination. A glass bottle with hydrofluoric acid was lowered to the bottom and allowed to set until the acid etched the glass. The angle of inclination was determined by the etched line.
Acid Fracturing
The process of opening cracks in reservoir rock by using a combination of oil and acid under high pressure.
Acid Gas
SEE: Sour Gas.
Acid Resistance
The ability of a hardened cement slurry to withstand the softening and corrosive effects of organic or mineral acids, or water solutions of these acids and their salts having a pH lower than 7.0.
Acid Type
The classification of chemical compounds containing hydrogen capable of being replaced by positive elements or radicals to form salts. Examples are: hydrochloric acid, tannic acid, sodium acid pyrophosphate.
Acidity
The relative acid strength of liquids as measured by pH. A pH value below 7.
Acidize
(1) A technique used to increase permeability in the reservoir rock immediately around the borehole by injecting acidic fluids.(2) The process used to clean the walls of the borehole, screens or liners by circulating or injecting acidic fluids.
Acoustic Impedance
The product of the material's density and its acoustic velocity. The refraction and reflection of acoustic energy is governed by changes in acoustic impedence.
Acoustic Intensity
The power per unit area associated with a sound.
Acoustic Log
A well log recording one or more specific characteristics of acoustic waves propagated in or around the borehole. Typical measurements are interval transit time, acoustic velocity and compressional or shear wave amplitude.
Acoustic Travel Time
The time required for an acoustic wave to travel from one point to another.
Acquired Gas Other Volume
The volume of gas acquired from field and or operator other than the facility being reported.
Acquired Gas Volume
The volume of gas acquired from field operator other than the facility being reported.
Acquisition
An activity in which data samples are collected or observations recorded.
Acquisition End Date
SEE: Field Acquisition End Date.
Acquisition Start Date
SEE: Field Acquisition Start Date.
Acreage
SEE: Areal Extent; Company Acreage.
Acreage Based Royalty
Royalty payable on a per acre basis; e.g., a royalty expressed as a fixed sum per acre on a shut-in well.
Acreage Contribution
The amount of property contributed to the operator for drilling a well on a property in which the contributer has no direct interest, payable only in the event the well is a dry hole.
Acreage Dedicated Date
The date the acreage is dedicated to a specific market.
Acreage Dedicated Description
This identifies acreage dedicated under a contract as Federal, nonfederal or an area dedication. The area dedication applies when a large area is dedicated under a contract and it is not feasible to enter every line of the acreage description.
Act Meter
SEE: LACT UNIT.
Act Unit
SEE: LACT Unit.
Activation Log
A well log in which the rock around the borehole is irradiated with neutrons to provide a means for identifying the elements present. Also referred to as: Neutron Activation Log, Induced Gamma Ray Spectroscopy Log.
Active Zone
A region in which the ice moves and deforms.
Activity
An activity is an action that may result in a change of the state of a system or of knowledge of the system and can be instantaneous or have a duration.
Activity Cost
Costs associated with services and activities; e.g., drilling; perforating; logging.
Activity Duration Constraint
A limitation on the length of time for a period activity.
Actual Cost
The total dollar amount spent to perform a work activity. The cost calculated by totaling vendor/contractor invoices and allocated overhead charges.
Actual Residue Gas Remaining
The volume of gas remaining in a plant after processing.
Actuator
A mechanism for the remote or automatic operation of a valve or choke by pressure or electricity.
Acute Toxicity
Any poisonous effect produced within a short period of time, usually up to 24-96 hours, resulting in severe biological harm and often death.
Adapter
A pressure containing piece of equipment having API end connections of different nominal sizes and/or pressure ratings, used to connect other pieces of equipment of different API nominal sizes and/or pressure ratings.
Added Mass
Effective addition to the system mass which is proportional to the displaced mass of water.
Additional Permit Required Flag
An indicator of whether additional permits are required other than the Application for Permit to Drill or Sundry Notice.
Additional Value Amount
The additional financial value for the product produced.
Additive
(1) Substance to enhance certain characteristics of a product; e.g., acids, mud, gels, cement.(2) A material, other than cement or water, which is added to a cement subsequent to its manufacture to modify properties. Equivalent to admixture in ASTM usage.
Address
The location at which someone or something may be found.
Adequate Ventilation
Ventilation (natural or artificial) which is sufficient to prevent the accumulation of significant quantities of vapor/air mixtures in concentrations above 25% of their lower flammable (explosive) limit (LEL).
Adequately Ventilated Area
An adequately ventilated area is an area that has a ventilation system (natural or artificial) which prevents the accumulation of gases to an explosive level. Adequate ventilation is provided by a change of air volume each five minutes, or 1.5 cubic feet of air volume flow per minute per square foot of floor area, whichever is greater.
Adfreeze
Adhesion between ice and a structural surface.
Adhesion
The molecular attraction or force exerted across the surfaces of contact between unlike liquids and solids which resist their separation.
Adjudication Completed Date
The date adjudication of an application is complete; determined by the date the adjudicator signs off on the Application for Permit to Drill, lease, agreement, or approval.
Adjudication Reviewer Name
The name of the adjudicator reviewing the document.
Adjustable Choke
A choke in which the position of a conical needle in a seat can be used to vary the rate of flow through the choke.
Adjusted Net Taxable Amount
The adjusted value on which tax is based, for amended returns only.
Adjusted Volume
The revised volume after adjustments are applied.
Adjustment
Activities associated with the sizing or setting of equipment as defined in the Manufacturer's Manual. Adjustments may be made at the wellsite or other location.
Adjustment Value
The revised value after adjustments are applied.
Adjustment Volume
The net increase or decrease in a previously reported volume.
Administrative Or Regulatory Authority
SEE: Regulatory Agency Name.
Administrative Overhead
All costs incurred at the home, divisional, area, regional, or similar administrative office.
Admix
To add one material to another by mixing. Note: Admix should not be used replaceably with addition, additive or admixture.
Adsorbed Liquid
That liquid on the surfaces of solid particles that cannot be removed by draining, even with centrifugal force.
Adsorption
(1) A surface phenomenon exhibited by a solid (adsorbent) to hold or concentrate gases, liquids, or dissolved substances (adsorptive) upon its surface, a property due to adhesion; e.g., water held to the outside surface of hydrated bentonite is adsorbed water.(2) Removal of gas entrained liquids from gas by passing the gas through a bed of granular solids with a special attraction for the liquids which are to be removed. The liquids are retained on the surface of the particles of the solid material.
Advalorem Tax
A form of tax based on the appraised value of tangible assets; e.g., equipment; product; reserves. This can be a local, county or state tax.
Advance Payment Agreement
An agreement between a producer and purchaser to make an advance payment for gas to be delivered at a future date.
Advance Payment Amount
The amount of the advance payment adjustment.
Advance Release Notice Day Count
The number of days advance notice required to give a purchaser prior to the lapse or sale of a leasehold dedication to a gas contract.
Advance Rental
Money/property paid in advance of the lease year to retain the mineral interest in the lease in the absence of drilling or production of minerals.
Advance Rental Amount
The amount of money or value of other property paid in advance of the lease year to maintain the mineral lease in the absence of drilling or mining operations for production of minerals.
Advance Rental Expiration Date
Indicates the expiration date for the requirement of the advance rental payment on a property.
Advance Rental Period
The calendar period that covers the advance rental payment.
Aerate
To add air into water by agitation.
Aeration
The technique of injecting air or gas in varying amounts into a fluid.
Aerial Engine Water Cooler
Process equipment or radiator-type equipment used to cool a liquid product or equipment.
Aerobic
The condition associated with the presence of free oxygen in an environment; living, active, or occurring only in the presence of oxygen.
Aerobic Bacteria
Bacteria that are active primarily in the presence of oxygen.
Aerosol
Suspension of liquid or solid particles in air or gas.
Afe
SEE: Authorization For Expenditure.
Afe Approval Flag
IAn indicator of an approval or lack thereof of an Authorization for Expenditure of Funds (AFE).
Afe Cost Descriptor Code
An identifier of various cost types associated with authorizations for expenditures (AFE); e.g., compressor station, land, fuel, pipe, etc.
Afe Currency Code
An indicator of the currency used for all costs for an Authroization for Expenditure (AFE).
Afe Date
The transmittal date of the Authorization for Expenditure (AFE) to partners, which is also considered the official date of the AFE.
Afe Job Type Code
An indicator of the Authorization for Expenditure (AFE) purpose or objective.
Afe Master Unique Identifier
Number assigned by the originator of the Authorization for Expenditure (AFE) to identify the total AFE package. (The binder clip of the AFE package.)
Afe Name
SEE: Operator Appropriations Name
Afe Number
SEE: Operator Appropriations Number.
Afe Response Required Flag
An indicator showing whether or not a response is required for the Authorization for Expenditure (AFE).
Afe Revision Flag
A unique number assigned to the revision or supplement relating to a previous Authorization for Expenditure (AFE).
Afe Revision Number
A unique number assigned to the revision relating to a previous Authorization for Expenditure of Funds (AFE).
Afe Revision/supplement Flag
A flag indicating an additional request for or information relating to a previous AFE.
Afe Segment Unique Identifier
The number assigned by the originator of the Authorization for Expenditure (AFE) to identify the approval level components of the master segment. (The Staple of the AFE package.)
Afe Supplement Number
A unique number assigned to the supplement relating to a previous Authorization for Expenditure of Funds (AFE).
Affiliate
With respect to the relationship between corporations, an affiliate is one controlled by the other or both of them are controlled by the same person, corporation, or body politic; for this purpose a corporation shall be deemed controlled by those persons, corporations, or bodies politic who own or effectively control sufficient voting shares of the corporation (whether directly through the ownership of shares of the corporation or indirectly through the ownership of shares of another corporation which owns
Affiliation Code
An agency assigned indicator of the relationship of the parties involved.
Affine
Denoting a relation between two planar coordinate systems. In particular, this denotes the relationship between the local map coordinates and projection coordinate. An affine transformation can accommodate a translation, a coordinate rotation, and a scale change. A general affine transformation of this type is of the form x' = Ax + b where x', x, and b are three component vectors and A is a 3x3 matrix. Generally, the z coordinate is handled separately, and the equation reduces to a planar mapping.
Aftercooler
Heat exchanger used to reduce gas temperatures.
Agglomerate
A mass of particles or substances closely associated and clustered together.
Agglomeration
The grouping of individual particles.
Aggregate
An essentially inert material of mineral origin having a particle size predominantly greater than 10 mesh. Also a group of two or more individual particles held together by strong forces which are not subject to dispersion by normal mixing or handling.
Aggregation
Formation of aggregates. In drilling fluids, aggregation results in the stacking of the clay platelets face to face , decreasing the viscosity, and gel strength.
Aging (cement)
Natural or artificial curing of cement, cement slurries, and hardened cement paste during which various physico-chemical changes take place.
Agitator
A motor-driven paddle or blade used to mix liquids and solids.
Agreement
A written understanding of the rights, liabilities, and obligations of the parties to the agreement.
Aid Number
An assigned identification number used for reporting payments to the government. It is the number assigned by the Minerals Management Service (MMS) to the lease instruments on Federal (either onshore or offshore) or Indian property.
Aime
SEE: American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers.
Air Curtain
A method for mechanical containment of oil spills. Air is bubbled through a perforated pipe causing an upward water flow that retards the spreading of oil. Air curtains may also be used as barriers to prevent fish from entering a polluted body of water.
Air Cutting
The inadvertent mechanical incorporation and dispersion of air into a drilling fluid system.
Air Drilled Interval Base Depth
The base depth of the interval that was air drilled.
Air Drilled Interval Top Depth
The top depth of the interval that was air drilled.
Air Drilling
Drilling employing air or gas rather than a liquid drilling fluid to remove cuttings from the borehole.
Air Drilling Capacity
The largest rate of flow of air/gas available from the air contractor or gas source during an air drilling operation.
Air Drilling Rate
The rate of injection of air or gas during the air drilling operation.
Air Drilling Type
The type of air drilling operation, which is either air or gas.
Air Equipment Pack
Self-contained, positive-pressured air supply which permits personnel to enter toxic environments.
Air Injection Volume
The volume of air injected into a borehole.
Air Pollution
The presence of contaminants in the air in concentrations that interfere directly or indirectly with human health, safety, comfort, or with the full use and enjoyment of property.
Air Quality Criteria
The levels of pollution and lengths of exposure at which adverse effects on health and welfare occur.
Air Quality Standard
The prescribed level of pollutants in the outside air that cannot be exceeded legally during a specified time in a specified geographic area.
Air Receiver Tank
SEE: Tank, Air Receiver.
Air Starting Unit
A device using air to start a prime mover.
Air Vortex
A cylindrical or conical shaped core of air or vapor lying along the central axis of the rotating slurry inside a hydrocyclone.
Alias
(1) Frequency ambiguity resulting from the sampling process. Where there are fewer than two samples per cycle, an input signal at one frequency yields the same sample values as another frequency at the system output. (2) An alternative identifier for something.
Alias Filter
A filter used before sampling to remove undesired frequencies which the sampling process would otherwise alias. Often called an anti alias filter.
Aliquot Area
The surface area that is part of the equal subdivision of a block in which all portions are equal and the combined areas of all portions equals the total of the leasehold block. Part of the quarter-quarter-quarter description; e.g., the northwest 1/4 of the southeast 1/4 of the northeast 1/4.
Aliquot Remark
An explanation or description associated with the aliquot portion of a lease .
Alkali
Any compound having marked basic properties; opposite of acid.
Alkalinity
The combining power of a base measured by the maximum number of equivalents of an acid with which it can react to form a salt. In water analysis, it represents the carbonates, bi-carbonates, hydroxides, and occasionally the borates, silicates, and phosphates in the water. It is determined by titration with standard acid to certain datum points.
Allocated Oil Well Flag
An indicator of whether an allocated oil well is under special field rules.
Allocation Basis
A well allocation factor (various formulas) to determine a well's prorated share of pool wide nominations. Used in specified allocated fields.
Allocation Settlement Basis
The basis on which each product component is allocated for settlement volumes; e.g., test gallons, mol percent, residue curve.
Allowable
Production rate of oil or gas a well or leasehold is permitted to produce under proration orders of a regulatory body.
Allowable Daily Volume
The daily allowable volume of hydrocarbons a well, lease or pool is assigned.
Allowable Effective Date
The year and month that the report is effective for allowable purposes.
Allowable Rope Load
The nominal breaking strength of the rope divided by a design factor.
Allowable Volume
The volume of hydrocarbons a well, lease or pool is assigned.
Allowance Identification Number
The number assigned by the agency which identifies the party who is entitled to an allowance.
Allowance Recipient Name
The name of the party who is entitled to an allowance.
Alloy
A metal composed of two or more elements, combined to produce certain metallic properties.
Alternate Contract Designation
Another associate designated as an alternate for the business associate designated in a contract.
Alternating Current
Electric current that reverses its direction of flow at regular intervals.
Alternative Casing
Casing set in lieu of conductor or surface casing under special circumstances or by special authorization. The casing method is most typically used in wells of shallow depths.
Alternative Casing Flag
An indicator of whether there is an alternative casing.
Aluminum Stearate
An aluminum salt of stearic acid used as a defoamer.
Ambient Temperature
The temperature of the surrounding medium.
Amendment Number
A number assigned by an agency which uniquely identifies the amendment.
Amendment Reason Remark
A description of the reason for an adjustment.
American National Standards Institute
The coordinating organization for America's federated national standards system. Sponsored by the Business Equipment Manufacturers Association (BEMA) and consisting of a large number of companies, large and small, as well as many trade, technical, professional, labor, and consumer organizations, its purpose is the establishment of voluntary industry standards. Commonly abbreviated ANSI.
American National Standards Institute X12 Committee The Committee Sanctioned By Ansi For Developing And Maintaining U.s. Standards For Business-to-business Electronic Data Interchange (edi) Pertaining To Trade Transactions, With Business-to-business Defined Broadly To Include All Organizations But Excluding All Individual Consumers.
American Petroleum Institute
Headquartered in Washington, D.C. The trade association for the petroleum industry.
American Society For Testing And Materials
Commonly abbreviated ASTM.
American Standard Code For Information Interchange Represents A Standard Code For Characters As Binary Numbers And Is Used On Most Computers, Computer Terminals And Printers. Normally Abbreviated As Ascii. The Ascii Code Consists Of Printable Characters (1,2,3,a,b,c,<,>,+, Etc.) And Control Characters (carriage Return, Backspace, Sound Beeper,etc.).
Amine
A compound containing an NH2 group. It may be used to sweeten sour liquids or gases.
Amine Unit
A treatment unit for removing contaminants (H2S, COS, CO2) from a process stream by the use of amines.
Ammeter
An instrument for measuring electric current in amperes.
Amortization
(1) A noncash deduction from current revenue on the financial books which provides for the recovery of a portion of the capitalized intangible investments due to use or passage of time. (2) The liquidation of a debt on an installment basis.
Ampere Turns
The product of the number of turns in a coil and the number of amperes of current flowing through it. This is a measure of the magnetizing strength of the coil. For example: 800 amperes in a 6 turn coil = 800 x 4800 A-t.
Amplification Reduction Factor
Coefficient applied to bending term in interaction equation for members subjected to combined bending and axial compression to account for overprediction of secondary moment given by the amplification factor 1/(1-fa/F'e).
Amplifier
(1) A device to increase or amplify a signal.(2) A device used to increase voltage, current or power.
Amplitude
The distance from the mean position to the point of maximum displacement. In the case of a vibrating screen with circular motion, amplitude would be the radius of the circle. in the case of straight line motion or elliptical motion it would be one-half of the total movement or one-half of the major axis of the ellipse, thus one-half stroke.
Amplitude Log
A record of the amplitude of the compression wave or shear wave portion of the acoustic wave propagated through the borehole environment in acoustic logging.
Anaerobic
Refers to life or processes that occur in the absence of oxygen.
Analytical Balance
An instrument used for weighing, consisting of a beam that is supported freely in the center and counterbalanced with precision weights. Also referred to as: Scales.
Anchor
(1) A device for holding, fixing, or fastening any object which may tend to change its position. Examples include dead line, wire line, derrick anchors.(2) A length of tubing extending below the working barrel in a pump.(3) Gas anchor and mud anchor.(4) A length of tubular goods extending below the packer when drillstem testing.
Anchor Tension
The tension measurement for a floating rig anchor.
Anemometer
An instrument for measuring the force or speed of the wind.
Angle Averaging Method
SEE: Borehole Survey Calculation Method; Average Angle Method.
Angle Testing
An ultrasonic testing method in which transmission is at an angle to one test surface.
Angle Transducer
A transducer that transmits or receives the acoustic energy at an acute angle to the surface to achieve a special effect such as the setting up of shear waves in the part being inspected.
Angular Velocity
The rate of rotation.
Anhydrite
A mineral consisting of anhydrous calcium sulfate. It represents gypsum without its water of crystallization, and it alters readily to gypsum. Anhydrite usually occurs in white or slightly colored, granular to compact masses, forming large beds or seams in sedimentary rocks or associated with gypsum and halite in evaporites.
Anhydrous
Without water in chemical combination.
Aniline Point
The lowest temperature at which equal volumes of freshly distilled aniline and an oil being tested are completely miscible. This test gives an indication of the character (paraffinic, naphthenic, asphaltic, aromatic, mid-continent, etc.) of the oil. The aniline point of diesels or crudes used in drilling fluid is also an indication of the deteriorating effect these materials may have on natural or synthetic rubber. The lower the aniline point of an oil the more severe it usually is in damaging rubber p
Anion
A negatively charged atom or radical, such as Cl-, OH-, SO4-, etc., in solution of an electrolyte. Anions move toward the anode (positive electrode) under the influence of an electrical potential.
Anisotropic Formation Theory
Stratified, anisotropic formations are assumed to possess different drillabilities parallel and normal to the bedding planes, with the result that the bit does not drill in the direction of the resultant force.
Anistropy
The variation of elastic and mechanical properties depending on direction. For example, the variation of acoustic velocity, of shear modulus and of shear strength.
Annual Gross Rental
The total amount of rental (payable or receivable) required to maintain a land property for a period of one year.
Annual Net Rental
The portion of the total gross amount of annual rental, payable or receivable, applicable to the company's interest in a property.
Annular Flow
Formation fluids are produced up through the tubing /casing annulus and recovered at the surface.
Annular Packer
A mechanism that seals off annular pressure between the outside diameter (OD) of a suspended tubular member or hanger and the inside diameter (ID) of the head or thru spool which the tubular member passes or hanger is suspended.
Annular Pressure Measurement
The pressure measured in the annulus.
Annular Preventer
A device which can seal around any object in the borehole or upon itself. Compression of a reinforced elastomer packing element by hydraulic pressure effects the seal.
Annular Velocity
The velocity of a fluid moving in the annulus.
Annulus
The space between: (1) The casing and the wall of the borehole.(2) Two strings of casing.(3) Tubing and casing.
Anode
(1) The portion of a corrosion cell which corrodes. Oxidation always occurs at anode. Usually a piece of sacrificial metal connected to equipment for corrosion protection.(2) The positive terminal of an electrolytic cell, which reduces electrolysis to prevent corrosion/erosion.
Ansi
SEE: American National Standards Institute.
Ansi X12
SEE: American National Standards Institute X12 Committee.
Antenna
A device, usually metallic rod or wire, for radiating or receiving radio waves.
Anthracite Medium
A type of coal which is commonly used in water filters.
Anticline
A structural fold of which the core contains older rocks and is generally concave downward.
Antidegradation Clause
A provision in air quality and water quality laws that prohibits deterioration of air or water quality in areas where the pollution levels are presently below those allowed.
Antifoam
A substance to prevent foam formation by greatly decreasing the surface tension.
Antiform
A structural fold whose limbs close upward in strata for which the stratigraphic sequence is unknown.
Apd Approval Date
The date the Application to Drill (APD) was approved.
Aperture
(1) An opening in a screening surface; the clear opening between wires.(2) An opening.(3) The spatial range at a given time over which seismic migration is affected.
Api
SEE: American Petroleum Institute.
Api Corrected Gravity Measurement
The API gravity corrected to 60 degrees Fahrenheit.
Api County Code
An indicator developed by the American Petroleum Institute (API) to identify the following: a. Counties, b. Parish, c. Other subdivisions of areas identified by state codes: (1) Canadian quadrangles, municipal counties and districts.(2) Alaskan quadrangles.(3) Offshore areas. Each of these areas may consist entirely of either state or federal waters or may include both. Defined by API Bulletin D12A, as amended. This code becomes a part of the API Well Number.
Api Fluid Loss
The volume of mud filtrate loss measured from the filter press test.
Api Gravity Adjustment Flag
An indicator of whether or not volumes should be adjusted for API gravity.
Api Gravity Measurement
Gravity (weight per unit of volume) of crude oil or other liquid hydrocarbon expressed in degrees API where a specific gravity of 1.0 is the equivalent of 10 degrees API. Reported in conjunction with an observed temperature; e.g., 40 degrees API at 80 degrees Fahrenheit.
Api Pseudo County Code
An indicator assigned to offshore Federal water areas. This indicator is defined in API Bulletin D12A, as amended. This code becomes a part of the API Well Number.
Api Pseudo State Code
An indicator assigned to offshore Federal water areas. This indicator is defined in API Bulletin D12A, as amended. This code becomes a part of the API Well Number.
Api State Code
The indicator assigned to a state, as defined in API Bulletin D12A, as amended. This code is a part of the API Well Number.
Api Well Number
A well identifier assigned as defined in API (American Petroleum Institute) Bulletin D12A, as amended. The API Well Numbers are assigned by the appropriate state or federal regulatory agency.
Applicant Name
The name of the person making an application to a regulatory agency.
Applicant Title
The title of the filling or reporting entity.
Application Date
The date on which an application was made.
Application Name
Specifies the name of a software program or application; e.g., Sierra; SIVA; Disco; Gridzo; Zycor.
Approach
(1) Heat exchanger: the number of degrees temperature difference between the hot fluid inlet and the cold fluid outlet, or between the hot fluid outlet and the cold fluid inlet, whichever is the smaller.(2) Cooling tower: the difference between the cold water temperature and the wet bulb temperature.
Approval Process Comments
The comments regarding nonoperator approvals and their operational requirements; e.g., drilling, wireline, log requirements, etc.
Approved
A sanctioned, endorsed, accredited, certified, or accepted by a duly constituted and recognized authority or agency.
Approved Mpr Rate
The maximum production rate (MPR) that a completion is approved by the regulatory agency to produce.
Apron Ring
The first or lowest ring of plates in a upright cylindrical tank.
Apron Spreader
A flat plate in the bottom of a gunbarrel tank that causes fluid coming into the tank to spread out.
Aquifer
An underground bed or stratum of earth, gravel, or porous rock that contains water.
Arbitrary Trademark
A word that has a common meaning, but is used as a trademark for a product that has no relationship to this common meaning.
Arc Burns
Localized points of surface melting caused by arcing between electrode or ground and pipe surface.
Archeological Report Approval Date
The date the regulatory aggency approved or accepted the archeological report.
Arcing
Current flow through a gap, often accompanied by intense heat and light.
Arcing Device
A device which during its normal operation produces an arc with sufficient energy to cause ignition of an ignitible mixture.
Area Code
An indicator of the area of operations such as Onshore, Intermediate or Offshore.
Area Of Damage
An area of interest for which property damage has occurred.
Area Of Interest
A business term for a selected area or set of areas on the surface of the earth.
Area Of Mutual Interest
Any area which, by prior agreement, is the subject of mutual sharing of ownership of any leasing rights acquired.
Area Rate Clause
A clause in a gas sales contract which permits the increase of the price of gas in the event of an increase in the area rate established by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC).
Areal Extent
Two dimensional geographical area enclosed by defined boundaries for the entity involved; e.g., reservoir, lock, lease.
Array (geophysical)
A configuration of similar receivers; e.g., electrodes or geophones, or seismic sources, designed to enhance the detectability of certain transient events, while surpressing other interfering events.
Array (geophysical)
A configuration of similar receivers; e.g., electrodes or geophones, or seismic sources, designed to enhance the detectability of certain transient events, while surpressing other interfering events.
Arrestor
A device for stopping motion or action.
Arrestor (flame Or Lightning)
A device attached to a burner or equipment to control fire or lightning.
Arrow Plot
A display of dipmeter or drift measurements.
Artificial Ice Island
A grounded mass of mostly manmade ice.
Artificial Lift
Any means of lifting liquid from a well completion other than natural flow, such as gas lift and submersible pump.
Artificial Lift Equipment
Equipment installed on, or in a wellbore, to remove fluids from a well completion when it is no longer able to produce these fluids with its own energy;, e.g., conventional rod pumping unit; hydraulic pump; submersible pump; gas lift.
Artificial Lift Substance
A specific substance being used in hydraulic and gas lift operations; e.g., oil; gas; water.
As Delivered Btu
The number of British thermal units (BTUs) contained in a cubic foot of natural gas adjusted to reflect the actual water content of the gas at delivered pressure, temperature, and gravity conditions.
Asbestos
(1) Mineral fiber (as amphibole) with numerous industrial uses, some forms of which are used in drilling fluids.(2) A hazardous air pollutant when inhaled.
Ascii
SEE: American Standard Code for Information Interchange.
Asphalt
A solid hydrocarbon which may be deposited: in the reservoir rock, in well equipment, in the surface lines in tanks. Crude oils of high asphaltic content may be subjected to distilling operations wherein lighter fractions; such as, naphtha; kerosene; are removed leaving as a residue asphalt which at normal temperatures is a solid.
Asphalt Base Crude Oil
Crude oil containing an appreciable amount of naphthenes or similar hydrocarbons, and very little paraffin, which yields an asphaltic residue.
Assessment Amount
The amount on which penalty or interest is calculated.
Assigned Acreage
The number of acres assigned to a property by the operator and approved by the regulatory agency.
Associated Gas
Gas that occurs in an oil reservoir either as free gas or solution gas.
Associated Production Facility Cost
Equipment and installation costs to initiate production from a lease or facility.
Associated Well Number
The number assigned to any well associated with a producing well.
Astm
SEE: American Society for Testing and Materials.
Atmosphere
The layer of air immediately surrounding the earth.
Atom
According to atomic theory, the smallest quantity of an element which is capable of entering into chemical combination or that can exist alone.
Atomic Number
A number, characteristic of an element, which designates the place of the element in the periodic table. This number represents the net positive charge on the nucleus of an atom and is also equal to the number of protons within the nucleus. In a neutral atom, the atomic number necessarily equals the number of electrons outside the nucleus.
Attack Angle
(1) In drilling, inclination (or deviation) is the angle measured from vertically down being zero.(2) In magnetics, it is the angle as measured from the horizontal being zero.
Attapulgite Clay
A colloidal, viscosity building clay used principally in salt water drilling fluids. Attapulgite, a special fullers earth, is a hydrous magnesium aluminum silicate.
Attenuation
The loss in energy which occurs between any two points of travel (this loss may, be due to absorption, reflection, etc.), or the controlled reduction in sensitivity within the instrument.
Attenuator
A device for introducing attenuation; i.e., reducing the amplitude on an electrical signal without appreciable distortion. Calibrations are usually in decibels (db).
Audiometer
An instrument for measuring hearing sensitivity, calibrated in decibels.
Audit
A documented investigation conducted to verify that applicable requirements are being implemented.
Audit Report
Formal statement, after examination and verification, of the condition of books of account pertaining to the specified area of audit.
Auger
A tool for boring holes.
Austenite
A solid solution of one or more elements in face-centered cubic iron.
Austenitic
A nonmagnetic state of iron or an iron alloy.
Austenitic Stainless
A stainless steel whose structure is austenitic at room temperature and which is used for nonmagnetic drill collars.
Authorization For Expenditure
Request for authorization to spend money, usually for a specified purpose and amount. Abbreviated AFE.
Authorized Completion Cost
The authorized cost to complete the well.
Authorized Cost
The total dollar amount, granted by company management with approval authority, which may be spent to perform a work activity.
Authorized Drilling/dry Hole Cost
The authorized cost to drill and evaluate the well to the target formation.
Authorized Person's Name
A person assigned by the employer to perform or supervise the performance of a specific type of duty or duties, or to be at a specific location(s) at the work site.
Authorized Person's Title
The job title of an authorized person.
Authorized Signature Date
The date an authorized person signs a document. In electronic commerce, this date is usually handled through the Electronic Commerce Agreement.
Autoclave Expansion
A measurement or test made as provided in ASTM C 151: Test for Autoclave Expansion of Portland Cement, Book of ASTM Standards, Part 13.
Autocorrelation
A crosscorrelation in which a signal is correlated with itself. The autocorrelation function measures the statistical dependence of a waveform at a later time with the waveform at an earlier time.
Automatic Chart Changer
A device for automatically changing a chart on recorders upon completion of time cycle.
Automatic Contract Extension Days Count
The number of days a gas contract term will automatically be extended if the right of termination is not exercised.
Automatic Custody Transfer
A unit designed to automatically move oil from lease storage to a pipeline. Normally consists of a pump, back pressure valve, BS&W monitor, and oil meter.
Automatically Fired Vessel
A fired vessel with the burner fuel controlled by an automatic temperature or pressure controller.
Automation
The automatic, self regulating control of equipment, systems, or processes.
Automation Cost
Costs associated with design and implementation of automation systems including volumetric measuring systems, control systems, etc.
Auxiliary Channel
Additional channels through which supporting data can flow from a device to a recording instrument, such as a Vibroseis sweep.
Auxiliary Line
An external conduit (excluding choke and kill lines) arranged parallel to the riser pipe for enabling fluid flow outside the riser annulus. Example: control system fluid line, buoyancy control line.
Auxiliary Transit Control
Secondary instruments or control mechanisms used to regulate or control operations of equipment.
Auxillary Hoist
SEE: Whipline.
Average Absolute Amplitude
The average of the absolute values of seismic trace samples.
Average Angle
The arithmetic average of the two angles, one at each end of the course length.
Average Angle Method
A borehole survey that uses the angles measured at both the top and bottom of the course length in such a fashion that the average of the two sets of measured angles is the assumed inclination and direction. The borehole survey is then calculated tangentially using these averaged angles over the course length.
Average Cost Amount
The inventory costs of material based on an appropriate average cost system as determined by the operator and includes purchase cost, freight, inspection, duty and taxes, threading costs for tubulars and any other costs.
Average Pool Pressure
The average shut in pressure of the wells in a pool.
Average Shut-in Temperature
The average temperature at the surface during the stabilization period.
Average Unit Price Amount
The average price received for the product sold.
Axial Direction
Longitudinal direction of a member.
Azimuth
(1) The clockwise angle of departure from true (geographic) north, measured in a horizontal plane.(2) Dipmeter and directional survey: the clockwise angle from magnetic north to the tool reference point or electrode. This measurement must be corrected for magnetic declination to compute the true azimuth.
Azimuth Frequency Plot:
A diagram on polar chart paper which presents only a count of the number of dip azimuth measurements which fall within each ten degree sector within a given group of dips. Dip magnitude is ignored.#
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© 2000 Mena Report (www.menareport.com)
