With debt crises either side of the Atlantic, Europe flirting with recession and Libyan oilfields returning to production, it is tempting to be bearish on oil.
Despite all the financial and economic gloom, 2011 has been a record year for oil with Brent crude at its highest-ever average above $110 per barrel, and few analysts forecast a big drop in price, even those who expect an economic slowdown.
Rising demand for fuel from China and other emerging economies, declining output from traditional suppliers including the North Sea and interuptions to production in key exporters such as Libya have kept the oil market tight. And unless the US, the world’s biggest oil consumer, slips into a double-dip recession, oil prices are likely to stay strong, at least until the end of the northern-hemisphere winter.
“Pessimistic scenarios for oil have not been realised,” said Harry Tchilinguirian, head of commodity market strategy at French bank BNP Paribas. “World oil demand is growing and, if supplies don’t increase, either inventories have to fall or prices rise: both have been happening.” Global oil demand is likely to have increased by about 900,000 barrels per day (bpd) this year to more than 89 mbpd, according to the International Energy Agency (IEA), which advises major industrialised economies on energy policy. Next year, world demand for oil will rise even faster, by about 1.3 mbpd, the IEA forecasts, as China, India, Brazil and other emerging economies all use more. “While headlines are full of ... the spectre of recession, it is easy to overlook the fact that oil demand has resumed its growth path and 2011 levels are the highest in history,” said David Wech, head of energy studies at consultancy JBC Energy.
While demand has increased, supply has been inconsistent, with the uprising against former dictator Muammar Gaddafi removing up to 1.6 mbpd of high quality Libyan oil this year and hiccups in production in Russia, Britain, Norway and Nigeria.
Despite low levels of consumer confidence, US economic data has consistently out-performed forecasts over the last quarter, bolstering US crude for the last two months. As the US moves into an election year, there are widespread expectations that the US Federal Reserve will launch a new round of monetary easing in an attempt to buoy the US economy and increase employment.
