A referendum is taking place in Southern Sudan from 9 January until 15 January 2011 on whether the region should remain a part of Sudan or be independent. The referendum is one of the consequences of the 2005 Naivasha Agreement between the Khartoum central government and the Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement (SPLA/M).
A simultaneous referendum was supposed be held in Abyei on whether to become part of Southern Sudan but it was postponed due to conflict over demarcation and residency rights.